Publications

2025

Kruikemeier, S. (Accepted). Microtargeting. In Nai, A., Grömping, M., & Wirz, D. (Eds). Elgar Encyclopedia of Political Communication. Edward Elgar Publishing. Accepted version.

Dienlin, T., Kruikemeier, S., & Parry, D. (Accepted). Open Science. In Nai, A., Grömping, M., & Wirz, D. (Eds). Elgar Encyclopedia of Political Communication. Edward Elgar Publishing. Accepted version.

Vrielink, J., Vliegenthart, R., van Remoortere, A., & Kruikemeier, S. (2025). What Matters to Voters? Analyzing the Influence of Targeted Online Ads on Perceived Issue Importance During the United States 2022 Midterm Election and the Dutch General Election 2021. The International Journal of Press/Politics.

Chu, X., Van Remoortere, A., Vermeer, S., Vliegenthart, R., & Kruikemeier, S. (2025). The impact of happiness in political ads on party evaluation: A data donation study with emotion recognition. Telematics and Informatics Reports, 18, 100196.

de Bruin, K., de Haan, Y., Vliegenthart, R., & Kruikemeier, S. (2025). Understanding the Complexity of News Avoidance: Insights from a Delphi Study among Journalism Experts. Journalism Practice, 1–18.

Dobber, T., Kruikemeier, S., Votta, F., Helberger, N., & Goodman, E. P. (2025). The effect of traffic light veracity labels on perceptions of political advertising source and message credibility on social media. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 22(1), 82–97.

Guldemond, P. C., Van Remoortere, A., Vermeer, S. A., Boerman, S. C., & Kruikemeier, S. (2025). How Ads Get in Our Head: Studying Processing of Political (Mis) Targeting Using a Thought-Listing Approach. Mass Communication and Society, 1–19.

Minihold, S., Lecheler, S., Gibson, R., de Vreese, C., & Kruikemeier, S. (2025). Understanding digital campaign competence: Conceptualizing data-driven political advertising literacy. Mass Communication and Society, 28(5), 852–878.

Ruyters, W., Vermeer, S., Kruikemeier, S., & Vliegenthart, R. (2025). Embedding, embedding on the wall; who is the most prominent politician of them all? Exploring automated methods to study multimodal political news coverage. Communication Methods and Measures, 1–27.

Severin-Nielsen, M. K., Kruikemeier, S., Ohme, J., & Gade Kjelmann, K. (2025). From permanent campaign to permanent communication: Parliamentarians’ cross-media practices in routine and election times. Journal of Information Technology & Politics.

Valgas, C. M., Groot Kormelink, T., de Haan, Y., & Kruikemeier, S. (2025). Navigating news across borders: Everyday news consumption among immigrants. Journalism.

van der Goot, E., Hameleers, M., Vliegenthart, R., de Ridder, G., & Kruikemeier, S. (2025). The Impact of Online Political Conflict Frames on Party Evaluations and Trust in Politicians. Media Psychology, 1–24.

Vermeer, S., Trilling, D., Stolwijk, S., Kruikemeier, S., & de Vreese, C. (2025a). What’s on and who’s watching? Combining people-meter data and subtitle data to explore television exposure to political news. Political Communication, 42(3), 405–431.

Vliegenthart, R., de Bruin, K., de Haan, Y., & Kruikemeier, S. (2025). The news avoidance paradox? Exploring the relationship between news repertoires and intentional news avoidance. Communications.

2024

Greber, H., Lecheler, S., Aaldering, L., de Haan, Y., Kruikemeier, S., Goutier, N., & de Bruin, K. (2024). Uncovering the audience perspective: A qualitative analysis of experiences and evaluations of two immersive journalism productions in the Netherlands. Journalism, 25(11), 2383-2401.

Vliegenthart, R., Kruikemeier, S., & Aaldering, L. (2024). The Role of (New) Media in the Dutch Political Landscape. In Sarah de Lange, and others (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Dutch Politics.

Bon, E., Dommett, K., Gibson, R., Kruikemeier, S., & Lecheler, S. (2024). Are certain types of microtargeting more acceptable? Comparing US, German, and Dutch citizens’ attitudes. Media and Communication, 12.

Luke, S., Bon, E., Dommett, K., Gibson, R., Lecheler, S., & Kruikemeier, S. (2024). Data-Driven Campaigning in a Comparative Context—Toward a 4th Era of Political Communication?. Media and Communication, 12.

Minihold, S., Lecheler, S., de Vreese, C., & Kruikemeier, S. (2024). Exploring digital campaign competence: the role of knowledge in data-driven election campaigns. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 1-16.

Van Remoortere, A., Vermeer, S., & Kruikemeier, S. (2024). Contact us! An audit study to examine the responsiveness of political elites on social media during a Dutch election. Electoral Studies, 90. Advance online publication

Vermeer, S., Trilling, D., Stolwijk, S., Kruikemeier, S., & de Vreese, C. (2024). What’s on and who’s Watching? Combining People-Meter Data and Subtitle Data to Explore Television Exposure to Political News. Political Communication, 1-26. Advance online publication

Kruikemeier, S., & Vliegenthart, R. (2024). (Social) Media: Binding or Blinding? On the Impact of Digitalization in the Netherlands and Beyond. Tijdschrift Voor Communicatiewetenschap, 52(2), 128-149.

van der Lubben, S., de Haan, Y., Kruikemeier, S., de Jong, J., & Koetsenruijter, W. (2024). Performing Discourse in Pursuit of Credibility: A Quantitative Content Analysis of Dutch Live Blogs. Journalism Practice.

Vliegenthart, R., Van Ham, C., Kruikemeier, S., & Jacobs, K. (2024). A Matter of Misunderstanding? Explaining (Mis) Perceptions of Electoral Integrity across 25 Different Nations. Public Opinion Quarterly, 88 (SI), 495- 515.

Minihold, S., Lecheler, S., Vreese, C. D., & Kruikemeier, S. (2024). Game Over? Using (Not So) Innovative Interventions to Increase Digital Campaign Competence. Social Media+ Society, 10(3). Advance online publication

Vliegenthart, R., Vrielink, J., Dommett, K., Gibson, R., Bon, E., Chu, X., de Vreese, C., Lecheler, S., Matthes, J., Minihold, S., Otto, L., Stubenvoll, M., & Kruikemeier, S. (2024). Citizens’ acceptance of data-driven political campaigning: a 25-country cross-national vignette study. Social Science Computer Review. Advance online publication.

Minihold, S., Lecheler, S., Gibson, R., de Vreese, C.H. & Kruikemeier, S. (2024). Understanding digital campaign competence: Conceptualizing data-driven political advertising literacy. Mass Communication and Society. Advance online publication

de Bruin, K., Vliegenthart, R., Kruikemeier, S., & de Haan, Y. (2024). Who are they? Different types of news avoiders based on motives, values and personality traits. Journalism Studies, 25(12), 1404-1422.

de Haan, Y., Kruikemeier, S., & Lecheler, S. (2024). Searching, Selecting, and Verifying: Online Journalistic Sourcing Strategies. Tijdschrift voor Communicatiewetenschap, 52(2), 150-176.

van der Goot, E., Kruikemeier, S., de Ridder, J., & Vliegenthart, R. (2024). Online and offline battles: Usage of different political conflict frames. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 29(1), 26–46.

Chu, X., Vliegenthart, R., Otto, L., Lecheler, S., de Vreese, C., & Kruikemeier, S. (2024). Do Online Ads Sway Voters? Understanding the Persuasiveness of Online Political Ads. Political Communication, 41(2), 290–314.

2023

Greber, H., Lecheler, S., Aaldering, L., de Haan, Y., Kruikemeier, S., Goutier, N., & de Bruin, K. (2023). Uncovering the audience perspective: A qualitative analysis of experiences and evaluations of two immersive journalism productions in the Netherlands. Journalism. Advance online publication.

Errenst, E., Van Remoortere, A., Vermeer, S., & Kruikemeier, S. (2023). Instaworthy? Examining the effects of (targeted) civic education ads on Instagram. Media and Communication, 11(3), 238–249.

Dobber, T., Kruikemeier, S., Votta, F., Helberger, N., & Goodman, E. P. (2023). The effect of traffic light veracity labels on perceptions of political advertising source and message credibility on social media. Journal of Information Technology & Politics. Advance online publication.

Otto, L. P., & Kruikemeier, S. (2023). The smartphone as a tool for mobile communication research: Assessing mobile campaign perceptions and effects with experience sampling. New Media & Society, 25(4), 795–815.

Dobber, T., Kruikemeier, S., Helberger, N., & Goodman, E. (2023). Shielding citizens? Understanding the impact of political advertisement transparency information. New Media & Society. Advance online publication.

Greber, H., Lecheler, S., Aaldering, L., De Haan, Y., Kruikemeier, S., Goutier, N., & De Bruin, K. (2023). Feeling the news? The differential effects of immersive journalism on emotional response. Digital Journalism, 11(1), 39–60.

Glogger, I., Shehata, A., Hopmann, D. N., & Kruikemeier, S. (2023). The world around us and the picture (s) in our heads: The effects of news media use on belief organization. Communication Monographs, 90(2), 159–180.

Kruikemeier, S., Lecheler, S., & Vliegenthart, R. (2023). What is holding us back? We should be looking ahead! Considerations about open science practices in Journalism Studies. Digital Journalism, 11(2), 384–389.

Kohout, S., Kruikemeier, S., & Bakker, B. N. (2023). May I have your Attention, please? An eye tracking study on emotional social media comments. Computers in Human Behavior, 139.

Ohme, J., Bruin, K. de, Haan, Y. de, Kruikemeier, S., Meer, T. G. van der, & Vliegenthart, R. (2023). Avoiding the news to participate in society? The longitudinal relationship between news avoidance and civic engagement. Communications, 48(4), 551–562.

Kefford, G., Dommett, K., Baldwin-Philippi, J., Bannerman, S., Dobber, T., Kruschinski, S., … Rzepecki, E. (2023). Data-driven campaigning and democratic disruption: Evidence from six advanced democracies. Party Politics, 29(3), 448–462.

2022

De Keyzer, F., van Noort, G., & Kruikemeier, S. (2022). Going too far? How consumers respond to personalized advertising from different sources. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 23(3), 138–159.

Kruikemeier, S., Vermeer, S., Metoui, N., Dobber, T., & Zarouali, B. (2022). (Tar) getting you: The use of online political targeted messages on Facebook. Big Data & Society, 9(2), 20539517221089626.

Matthes, J., Hirsch, M., Stubenvoll, M., Binder, A., Kruikemeier, S., Lecheler, S., & Otto, L. (2022). Understanding the democratic role of perceived online political micro-targeting: longitudinal effects on trust in democracy and political interest. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 19(4), 435–448.

de Haan, Y., van den Berg, E., Goutier, N., Kruikemeier, S., & Lecheler, S. (2022). Invisible friend or foe? How journalists use and perceive algorithmic-driven tools in their research process. Digital Journalism, 10(10), 1775–1793.

Vermeer, S., Kruikemeier, S., Trilling, D., & De Vreese, C. (2022). Using panel data to study political interest, news media trust, and news media use in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journalism Studies, 23(5–6), 740–760.

de Bruin, K., de Haan, Y., Kruikemeier, S., Lecheler, S., & Goutier, N. (2022). A first-person promise? A content-analysis of immersive journalistic productions. Journalism, 23(2), 479–498.

2021

Kruikemeier, S., Boerman, S. C., & Bol, N. (2021). How algorithmic systems changed communication in a digital society. Media and Communication, 9(4), 116–119.

Goutier, N., De Haan, Y., De Bruin, K., Lecheler, S., & Kruikemeier, S. (2021). From “cool observer” to “emotional participant”: The practice of immersive journalism. Journalism Studies, 22(12), 1648–1664.

Boerman, Sophie C., Kruikemeier, S., & Bol, N. (2021). When is personalized advertising crossing personal boundaries? How type of information, data sharing, and personalized pricing influence consumer perceptions of personalized advertising. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 4, 100144.

Brands, C., Kruikemeier, S., & Trilling, D. (2021). Insta (nt) famous? Visual self-presentation and the use of masculine and feminine issues by female politicians on Instagram. Information, Communication & Society, 24(14), 2016–2036.

de Bruin, K., de Haan, Y., Vliegenthart, R., Kruikemeier, S., & Boukes, M. (2021). News avoidance during the COVID-19 crisis: Understanding information overload. Digital Journalism, 9(9), 1286–1302.

Shehata, A., Andersson, D., Glogger, I., Hopmann, D. N., Andersen, K., Kruikemeier, S., & Johansson, J. (2021). Conceptualizing long-term media effects on societal beliefs. Annals of the International Communication Association, 45(1), 75–93.

Beraldo, D., Milan, S., de Vos, J., Agosti, C., Sotic, B. N., Vliegenthart, R., … Others. (2021). Political advertising exposed: Tracking Facebook ads in the 2021 Dutch elections. Internet Policy Review.

Vermeer, S. A. M., Kruikemeier, S., Trilling, D., & De Vreese, C. H. (2021). WhatsApp with politics?! Examining the effects of interpersonal political discussion in instant messaging apps. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 26(2), 410–437.

Boerman, Sophie C., Kruikemeier, S., & Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. J. (2021). Exploring motivations for online privacy protection behavior: Insights from panel data. Communication Research, 48(7), 953–977.

2020

Vermeer, S., Trilling, D., Kruikemeier, S., & de Vreese, C. (2020). Online news user journeys: the role of social media, news websites, and topics. Digital Journalism, 8(9), 1114–1141.

Lecheler, S., de Haan, Y., & Kruikemeier, S. (2020). Introduction to the special issue: Meeting the digital demand through a multi-perspective methodological approach. Journalism Studies, Vol. 21, pp. 857–862. Routledge.

Kruikemeier, S., Lecheler, S., & Boyer, M. M. (2020). Learning from news on different media platforms: An eye-tracking experiment. In Studying Politics Across Media (pp. 75–96). Routledge.

Araujo, T., Helberger, N., Kruikemeier, S., & De Vreese, C. H. (2020). In AI we trust? Perceptions about automated decision-making by artificial intelligence. AI & Society, 35, 611–623.

Kruikemeier, S., Boerman, S. C., & Bol, N. (2020). Breaching the contract? Using social contract theory to explain individuals’ online behavior to safeguard privacy. Media Psychology, 23(2), 269–292.

Metz, M., Kruikemeier, S., & Lecheler, S. (2020). Personalization of politics on Facebook: Examining the content and effects of professional, emotional and private self-personalization. Information, Communication & Society, 23(10), 1481–1498.

2019

Lecheler, S., Kruikemeier, S., de Haan, Y., Katz, J. E., & Mays, K. K. (2019). The use and verification of online sources in the news production process. Journalism and Truth in an Age of Social Media, 167.

Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. J., Möller, J., Dobber, T., Kruikemeier, S., Irion, K., Stapel, S., … Vreese, C. de. (2019). Online politieke microtargeting. Een zegen of een vloek voor de democratie?                

Bol, N., Dienlin, T., Kruikemeier, S., Sax, M., Boerman, S. C., Strycharz, J., … de Vreese, C. H. (2019). Understanding the Effects of Personalization as a Privacy Calculus: Analyzing Self-Disclosure Across Health, News, and Commerce Contexts (vol 23, pg 370, 2018). Journal Of Computer-Mediated Communication, 24(1), 51–51.

2018

Van Leuven, S., Kruikemeier, S., Lecheler, S., & Hermans, E. (2018). Online and newsworthy: Have online sources changed journalism?                

Borgesius, F. J. Z., Möller, J., Kruikemeier, S., Fathaigh, R. Ó., Irion, K., Dobber, T., … De Vreese, C. (2018). Online political microtargeting: Promises and threats for democracy. Utrecht Law Review, 14(1), 82–96.

Moeller, J., Shehata, A., & Kruikemeier, S. (2018). Internet use and political interest: Growth curves, reinforcing spirals, and causal effects during adolescence. Journal of Communication, 68(6), 1052–1078.

de Haan, Y., Kruikemeier, S., Lecheler, S., Smit, G., & van der Nat, R. (2018). Audience Uses And Evaluations Of News Visualisations: When Does An Infographic Say More Than A Thousand Words? News, Numbers And Public Opinion In A Data-Driven World.

Bol, Nadine, Dienlin, T., Kruikemeier, S., Sax, M., Boerman, S. C., Strycharz, J., … De Vreese, C. H. (2018). Understanding the effects of personalization as a privacy calculus: Analyzing self-disclosure across health, news, and commerce contexts. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 23(6), 370–388.

Araujo, T., De Vreese, C., Helberger, N., Kruikemeier, S., van Weert, J., Bol, N., … Others. (2018). Automated decision-making fairness in an AI-driven world: Public perceptions, hopes and concerns. Digital Communication Methods Lab.

Kruikemeier, S., & Lecheler, S. (2018). News consumer perceptions of new journalistic sourcing techniques. Journalism Studies, 19(5), 632–649.

Van Leuven, S., Kruikemeier, S., Lecheler, S., & Hermans, L. (2018). Online and newsworthy: Have online sources changed journalism? Digital Journalism, 6(7), 798–806.

Kruikemeier, S., Gattermann, K., & Vliegenthart, R. (2018). Understanding the dynamics of politicians’ visibility in traditional and social media. The Information Society, 34(4), 215–228.

Zuiderveen Borgesius, F., Möller, J., Kruikemeier, S., Ó Fathaigh, R., Irion, K., Dobber, T., … de Vreese, C. H. (2018). Online political microtargeting: Promises and threats for democracy. Utrecht Law Review, 14(1), 82–96.

Strömbäck, J., Falasca, K., & Kruikemeier, S. (2018). The mix of media use matters: Investigating the effects of individual news repertoires on offline and online political participation. Political Communication, 35(3), 413–432.

De Haan, Y., Kruikemeier, S., Lecheler, S., Smit, G., & Van der Nat, R. (2018). When does an infographic say more than a thousand words? Audience evaluations of news visualizations. Journalism Studies, 19(9), 1293–1312.

Alencar, A., & Kruikemeier, S. (2018). Audiovisual infotainment in European news: A comparative content analysis of Dutch, Spanish, and Irish television news programs. Journalism, 19(11), 1534–1551.

2017

Vliegenthart, R., & Kruikemeier, S. (2017). Political advertising in the Netherlands:(Still) little ado about (almost) nothing. In Routledge Handbook of Political Advertising (pp. 366–376). Routledge.

Strömbäck, J., Falasca, K., & Kruikemeier, S. (2017). A Healthy News Diet? Investigating the Effects of Individual News Diets on Political Participation Offline and Online. The International Communication Association’s 67th Annual Conference, Interventions: Communication Research and Practice. San Diego, USA 25-29 May 2017.

Zuiderveen Borgesius, Frederik J., Kruikemeier, S., Boerman, S. C., & Helberger, N. (2017). Tracking walls, take-it-or-leave-it choices, the GDPR, and the ePrivacy regulation. Eur. Data Prot. L. Rev., 3, 353.

Boerman, Sophie C., Kruikemeier, S., & Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. J. (2017). Online behavioral advertising: A literature review and research agenda. Journal of Advertising, 46(3), 363–376.

Kruikemeier, S., & Shehata, A. (2017). News media use and political engagement among adolescents: An analysis of virtuous circles using panel data. Political Communication, 34(2), 221–242.

2016

Van Noort, G., Vliegenthart, R., & Kruikemeier, S. (2016). Return on interactivity? The characteristics and effectiveness of Web sites during the 2010 Dutch local elections. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 13(4), 352–364.

Kruikemeier, S., Van Noort, G., & Vliegenthart, R. (2016). The effect of website interactivity on political involvement. Journal of Media Psychology.

Boerman, S. C., & Kruikemeier, S. (2016). Consumer responses to promoted tweets sent by brands and political parties. Computers in Human Behavior, 65, 285–294.

Kruikemeier, S., Van Noort, G., Vliegenthart, R., & De Vreese, C. H. (2016). The relationship between online campaigning and political involvement. Online Information Review, 40(5), 673–694.

Bol, N., Boerman, S. C., Romano Bergstrom, J. C., & Kruikemeier, S. (2016). An overview of how eye tracking is used in communication research. Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Methods, Techniques, and Best Practices: 10th International Conference, UAHCI 2016, Held as Part of HCI International 2016, Toronto, ON, Canada, July 17-22, 2016, Proceedings, Part I 10, 421–429. Springer International Publishing.

Kruikemeier, S., Sezgin, M., & Boerman, S. C. (2016). Political microtargeting: relationship between personalized advertising on Facebook and voters’ responses. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(6), 367–372.

Bos, L., Kruikemeier, S., & De Vreese, C. (2016). Nation binding: How public service broadcasting mitigates political selective exposure. PloS One, 11(5), e0155112.

Lecheler, S., & Kruikemeier, S. (2016). Re-evaluating journalistic routines in a digital age: A review of research on the use of online sources. New Media & Society, 18(1), 156–171.

2015

Strauß, N., Kruikemeier, S., van der Meulen, H., & van Noort, G. (2015). Digital diplomacy in GCC countries: Strategic communication of Western embassies on Twitter. Government Information Quarterly, 32(4), 369–379.

Kruikemeier, S., Aparaschivei, A. P., Boomgaarden, H. G., Van Noort, G., & Vliegenthart, R. (2015). Party and Candidate Websites: A Comparative Explanatory Analysis. Mass Communication and Society.

Kruikemeier, S., van Noort, G., Vliegenthart, R., & de Vreese, C. (2015). Nederlandse politici op Twitter: wie, waarover, wanneer en met welk effect? Tijdschrift Voor Communicatiewetenschap, 43(1).

2014

Kruikemeier, S. (2014b). Interactief communiceren voor politici werkt. Digitale Dialoog: De Sociale Media-Almanak Voor Gemeenten, 129–132.

Kruikemeier, S., van Noort, G., Vliegenthart, R., & de Vreese, C. (2014). Nieuwe media, een politieke belofte? Media, Macht En Politiek: De Verkiezingscampagne van 2012, 107–123.

Kruikemeier, S., Van Noort, G., Vliegenthart, R., & De Vreese, C. H. (2014). Dichtbij de politiek: hoe interactieve en persoonlijke communicatie de politieke betrokkenheid van kiezers vergroot. Res Publica, 56(1).

Bos, L., Kruikemeier, S., de Vreese, C., & Others. (2014). Gescheiden media? Sociaal-culturele verschillen in mediaconsumptie. Gescheiden Werelden, 235–254.

Kruikemeier, S., & Others. (2014). Getting connected: The effects of online political communication on citizens’ political involvement. Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host].

Kruikemeier, S. (2014a). How political candidates use Twitter and the impact on votes. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 131–139.

Kruikemeier, S., Van Noort, G., Vliegenthart, R., & de Vreese, C. H. (2014). Unraveling the effects of active and passive forms of political Internet use: Does it affect citizens’ political involvement? New Media & Society, 16(6), 903–920.

2013

Friele, R. D., Kruikemeier, S., Rademakers, J. J., & Coppen, R. (2013). Comparing the outcome of two different procedures to handle complaints from a patient’s perspective. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 20(4), 290–295.

Kruikemeier, S., van Noort, G., Vliegenthart, R., & de Vreese, C. H. (2013). Getting closer: The effects of personalized and interactive online political communication. European Journal of Communication, 28(1), 53–66.

2012

Kruikemeier, S. (2012). The News and Public Opinion: Media Effects on Civic Life. Tijdschrift Voor Communicatiewetenschap, 40(2), 204.

2011

Hoeken, H., van der Geest, T., van der Goot, M., Hornikx, J., Jongenelen, M., & Kruikemeier, S. (2011). De rol van begrijpelijke taal in een digitale context-Ontwikkelingen op de domeinen Leven Lang Leren, complexe financiële producten, bestuur en politiek, en gezondheid. Tijdschrift Voor Taalbeheersing, 33(3), 266–286

2010

Kruikemeier, S., Schäfer, W., Coppen, R., & Friele, R. (2010). Evaluatie gefaseerd toezicht. NIVEL.

2009

Kruikemeier, S., Coppen, R., & Friele, R. D. (2009). Patients’ experience on complaint handling; a comparison between Complaint Committees and Disciplinary Boards.

Kruikemeier, S., Coppen, R., Rademakers, J., & Friele, R. D. (2009). Ervaringen van mensen met klachten over de gezondheidszorg. Nivel Utrecht.